Human relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human relations - Essay Example A strike (or mechanical activity not exactly a full stoppage of work) will be in penetrate of the agreement of work for two reasons. Right off the bat, the striker is neglecting to play out the authoritative commitments to work and to comply with legal guidelines. Furthermore, by looking to 2 reason interruption to the employer’s business, the striker is breaking the â€Å"implied term to serve the business loyally inside the prerequisites of the contract†.It is to be noticed that the making of strike move is a penetrate of the employee’s agreement of work, even where all the commitments forced on the worker's guilds by Part V of The Trade Union and Labor Relations (combination) Act 1992 have been satisfied. Not exclusively is a strike in break of the worker’s agreement of business, we find that the penetrate is expansive as we find in Secretary of State v. Aslef ICR 19, the unavoidable break of the obligation of dependable administrations, that for all in tents and purposes every other type of mechanical activity will penetrate the agreement of business, or declining to carryout a few angles just of authoritative obligations. For example, in work log jams. Further in Miles v. Wakefield MDC [1989] ICR 368 at 389, Lord Templeman states: â€Å"Any type of modern activity by a specialist is a penetrate of agreement which entitles a business at precedent-based law to excuse the laborer. Additionally we find in Wiluszynski v. Tower Hamlets IBC [1989] IRLR 259, that in case of a modern activity, the business can likewise decline to pay compensation. Further in NCB v. Kitchen WLR 16, we find in case of mechanical activity the business can sue for harms. ... (Gibson LJ) It is to be noticed that the making of strike move is a break of the representative's agreement of business, even where all the commitments forced on the worker's guilds by Part V of The Trade Union and Labor Relations (combination) Act 1992 have beenfulfilled. Not exclusively is a strike in penetrate of the specialist's agreement of business, we find that the break is extensive as we find in Secretary of State v. Aslef (N0.2) [1979] ICR 19, the unavoidable break of the obligation of devoted administrations, that basically all different types of mechanical activity will break the agreement of work, or declining to carryout a few perspectives just of authoritative obligations. For example, in work stoppages. Further in Miles v. Wakefield MDC [1989] ICR 368 at 389, Lord Templeman states: Any type of mechanical activity by a specialist is a penetrate of agreement which entitles a business at custom-based law to excuse the laborer. Additionally we find in Wiluszynski v. Tower Hamlets IBC [1989] IRLR 259, that in case of a mechanical activity, the business can likewise decline to pay compensation. Further in NCB v. Kitchen [1958] WLR 16, we find in case of modern activity the boss can sue for damages.Under current law in the UK, acknowledgment involves truth and not a legitimate status. There is no legitimate methods by which the laborer or the association can urge the business to agree, and, specifically, no privilege with respect to the laborer or the association to force the business to submit to intervention. The business can look for crisis interlocutory alleviation. This system doesn't

Animal testing

Creature Testing Animal testing is the demonstration of utilizing non-human creatures in inquire about, advancement ventures or logical investigations. A huge number of creatures are being utilized every year for logical research, but since certain nations don't gather this information, the exact number will consistently be obscure. Numerous inquiries emerge when discussing this Issue, for example, Are there any fixes that have come about because of creature testing, are people better than creatures, and are there options in contrast to this sort of testing?Out of the numerous clinical headways that have come about because of creature testing, there are ten that strike me as essential to the endurance of humanity. The first is Penicillin. Penicillin was tried on mice in the asses. By 1941, Penicillin was being utilized to treat biting the dust officers. This examination in the long run won the Nobel Prize in 1945. The second Is blood transfusion. Blood transfusions have spared the li ves of endless individuals and creatures. The method was created when citrated blood was demonstrated to be alright for transfusion in hounds in 1914.The third accomplishment was the principal medication for tuberculosis. Around 100 years back, tuberculosis was one of the most well-known reasons for death. Nobel Prize-winning exploration on Guiana pigs in the asses prompted the anti-infection streptomycin. The fourth was the Meningitis antibody. These antibodies were created In mice and have brought about an immense fall In the sickness. Already numerous casualties passed on or had removals or organ harm. The fifth accomplishment Is the kidney transplant. Of the 5,000 individuals who create kidney disappointment consistently in the UK, one out of three would kick the bucket without a kidney transplant.Transplantation strategies were created utilizing mutts and pigs. The 6th is bosom malignant growth. Bosom malignant growth is the commonest disease among ladies. Creature examines pro mpted the improvement of achievement, one of the best medications, and all the more as of late Hermetic and fragrances Inhibitors. The seventh accomplishment Is the asthma Inhaler. Asthma Is the commonest genuine youth Illness and soul causes around 2,000 passings per year In the ASK. Creature inquire about was essential for the meds in the inhalers seen in numerous schools today. The eighth is the polio vaccine.This advance alone has spared a great many lives. Forty years of research utilizing monkeys and mice prompted the presentation of the antibody in the 1 backtalk. The ninth Is insulin for diabetes. Simply one more significant accomplishment that spared a huge number of lives and won the Nobel Prize In 1923. The tenth and last accomplishment are Implants for Parkinson Disease. Research was done on exploratory creatures, for example, primates, which prompted an electrical embed of Parkinson Disease. (Commitment). There are numerous options in contrast to the utilization of crea tures in logical experiments.Some of them are in vitro test strategies and models dependent on human cell and tissue societies, electronic patient-tranquilize databases and virtual medication trails, PC models and reproductions, immature microorganism and hereditary testing strategies, non-intrusive Imaging methods, for example, Mrs. furthermore, CT Scans, and Mollycoddling (In on the cell level, without influencing the entire body framework). Likewise the researchers and architects at Harvard's Ways Institute have made â€Å"organs-on-a-chip,† remembering the lung-for a-chip† and â€Å"gut-on-a-chip. † These small gadgets contain human cells in a 3-dimensional framework that copies human organs.The chips can be usedâ€instead of animalsâ€in sickness look into, sedate testing, and poisonousness testing. A few advantages of non-creature testing are that elective logical tests are regularly more dependable than creature tests, the utilization of human tissue i n harmfulness testing is more precise than the creature models, Non-creature tests are more savvy, down to earth, and convenient, and pitilessness free items are all the more ecologically neighborly. Choices) There are explicit advantages and disadvantages on creature testing that I discovered very interesting.Some geniuses are that it encourages scientists to discover medications and medicines, improves human wellbeing, guarantees security on medications, and substitute strategies for testing don't mimic people similarly. A few cons are that creatures are executed or kept in bondage, a few substances tried , may never be utilized for anything helpful, it is over the top expensive, and creatures and people are never precisely the equivalent. (Maryjane). There are various legends encompassing creature testing, and the heartbreaking outcome is that individuals may shape suppositions dependent on uneducated realities. It is imperative to address the absolute most normal legends with th e expectation that individuals can settle on increasingly educated choices in regards to creature testing. A portion of these legends are that the utilization of creatures is futile in light of the fact that creatures are not the same as individuals, lab creatures experience horrendous pain and enduring, symptoms and trouble experienced by creatures are imperceptible, which makes creature testing questionable, scientists are tot worried about creatures or are not interested in their consideration, the presence of elective strategies implies that creatures are pointless for testing, and most of creature testing is led for beautifiers improvement. Weed) Theses fantasies made them think. I wonder if individuals don't really have the foggiest idea about the realities about creature testing. It appears that a great many people are tuning in to these fantasies instead of tune in to a specialist. Believable data is vital to picking a side for a discussed subject. I think I am going to cont end that creature testing has both negative and constructive outcomes. Creature Testing Is Animal Testing Wrong? OK need to get your best four legged companion through torment to see whether something, for example, lipstick, would affirm for people? I know, without a doubt, I could never need to get any creature through these loathsome trials. The vast majority feel that creature testing is something we need to do so as to shield ourselves from new items. Which isn't correct, we would endure splendidly fine with the a large number of items we have now. These adored creatures don’t have the right to get through such torment. Creature testing is costing numerous creatures their lives and is costing a significant number of us a great many dollars.More than 100 million creatures, running from mice to monkeys, are enduring and passing on in pitiless substance, medication, food and corrective tests, science exercises, clinical preparing activities, and interest driven clinical examinations (â€Å"Animals Used for Experimentation†, n. d. ). Every one of these cre atures can do is sit and sit tight for the agony, brought about by the repulsive methods, to come their direction. While the creatures who were at that point tried on, are wishing the torment would simply leave. Larger part of the powerless animals pass on in light of the fact that they lose minds brought about by pressure or fear.Many of different creatures bite the dust with no motivation behind their life, in light of the fact that huge numbers of the substances will never observe endorsement for utilization of people. Additionally numerous creatures must be put down on the grounds that they become so apprehensive that they begin to become forceful and afterward they have no utilization. â€Å"Animals Used for Experimentation† (n. d. ) states that so as to test makeup, family unit cleaning things, and other purchaser items, a huge number of creatures are harmed, blinded, and slaughtered each year by unfeeling enterprises. This is just the significant conflict with the torm ent done to animals.One enormous way the creatures are tormented is that the greater part of the investigation creatures are breed and raised just to be sent to research centers. Truth be told a great deal of these creatures are purchased extremely youthful to help diminish the pressure of being in the confines in the labs. Accordingly the majority of these creatures have never became more acquainted with what grass feels or scents like. The vast majority of the canines have never played get with a proprietor. Most pregnant felines that are in creature covers are purchased by organizations that test on creatures. In this way the cats can be tried on by infant items or kept until they are two or three years of age. â€Å"Animal Testing Facts† (n. . ) claims that consistently 2,000 felines and 3,500 pooches are conceived in labs everywhere throughout the country. In particular, none of these ignored creatures have ever and will never comprehend what it resembles to be cherished by a human or realize what it resembles to be remunerated by a human with a treat or a tummy rub. The main things these creatures think, about when a human stops by or to their confine, are that they need to dodge down and trust they continue strolling. They feel that when a human contacts them, that implies the torment is coming. Isn’t that the direct inverse reason that these awesome animals are living with us?We should be the defender of the creatures who can’t talk or guard themselves. We should be their closest companions. A portion of the examinations done on the creatures are mind blowing! Mice and rodents are compelled to breathe in poisonous vapor, hounds are forcibly fed pesticides, and hares have destructive synthetic substances scoured onto their skin and eyes (â€Å"Animals utilized for Experimentation†, n. d. ). Numerous creatures become so blown a gasket that they begin to slaughter one another. They additionally will assault themselves, for exam ple, pulling out their own hair or plumes, eating their own skin, or starving themselves to death.Some significant organizations that test on creatures are: Gillette, they rub their items into rabbits’ eyes and afterward kick back and stand by to check whether they shout on the grounds that the item is consuming their eyes; Nair, they rub their items on the hide of numerous mutts and other hairy creatures; and Tide and Windex, likewise coercively feed and spread creatures in their items. Those are only a couple of the a huge number of organizations that test on creatures. A considerable lot of the outcomes discovered are temperamental in light of the fact that the creature could have effectively kicked the bucket from one reason I have just talked about.The results could likewise be inconsistent in light of the fact that human bodies and creature bodies can have an alternate response or one may not have a response at all to a specific item. One significant upsetting thing abo ut the responses of creatures I that most bunnies and different creatures will get immense openings in their sides becaus

What Happens When Someone Checks Your Credit

What Happens When Someone Checks Your Credit What Happens When Someone Checks Your Credit? What Happens When Someone Checks Your Credit?What happens during a credit check depends on what kind of check is being runâ€"and whos doing the checking.There are a lot of myths out there surrounding credit scores, especially when it comes to what happens when you or someone else check them. That’s why we’ve cooked up this little blog post to set the record straight.We don’t know how much good it will doâ€"the internet is pretty good at sustaining all sorts of “out there” legendsâ€"but we figured it doesn’t hurt to try. In that regard, its actually a lot like checking your own credit score!Here’s how credit scores work.We say “your credit score” as though you only have one. In fact, you have several! The most common type of credit scoreâ€"and the one you’re almost certainly familiar withâ€"is your FICO score. FICO scores are graded on a scale from 300 to 850 and the higher your score, the better, with a score of 680 serving as a rough border between “good” and “fair” credit.Like all credit scores, FICO scores are based off the information in your credit report. Or shall we say, credit reports! You have three different credit reports, and each one is compiled by one of the three major credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax.Information can vary between your credit reports, as some businesses don’t report information to all three. As such, your credit score can also vary depending on which credit report was used to create it. In addition to FICO scores, the three credit bureaus also got together a few years ago to create their own credit score: VantageScore.Your credit reports contain a whole bunch of information regarding how you use credit, including records of what accounts you’ve opened, how much you’ve borrowed, whether you’ve made your payments on-time, any debts that have been sent to collections, and whether you’ve ever filed for bankruptcy.All that information is then blended together using a super secret f ormula to create your credit score. With FICO scores, we do know the five main categories of info and how they’re weighted. The categories are payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), credit mix (10 percent), and recent credit inquiries (10 percent).There are two types of credit checks: hard and soft.When you apply for a personal loan, a mortgage, an auto loan, or a student loan, your lender is going to want to look over your credit report. In order to do this, they need to run what’s called a “hard” inquiry on your credit report. This delivers them a full copy of your credit report, and it can only be run with your express permission.Other times, a business might want to access your credit report for a more general purpose, like renting you an apartment or “pre-approving” you for a credit card offer. In cases like this, a business would run what’s called a “soft” inquiry. Unlike hard inquiries, these soft cred it checks can be run without your permissionâ€"or even your knowledge.One of the biggest differences between hard and soft credit checks is how they affect your credit score. Hard inquiries are recorded on your credit report under the “recent credit inquiries” category, and they do affect your score. Depending on your credit, a single hard inquiry can ding your score by five points, and multiple inquiries in a short amount of time can have a larger effect.Meanwhile, soft credit checks are also recorded on your report, but they will only be visible to you. And they have zero effect on your credit score. For instance, if you have lousy credit and you’re applying for a bad credit loan, that lender might run a soft check on your credit. Even if you end up getting denied for the loan, your score will remain the same.Soft credit checks also apply when you check your own credit score or request a copy of your credit reportâ€"the latter of which you can do for free, by the way. It’s the law: All three credit bureaus must provide you with one free copy of your report annually upon request. To order a free copy of your report, just visit AnnualCreditReport.com.Why do hard inquiries affect your credit score?To explain why hard credit inquiries affect your credit score, it helps to think like a lender:You receive an application for an unsecured personal loan, and you pull up a copy of this applicant’s credit report. You notice that, recently, they’ve been applying for a number of different personal loans and credit cards. What does that say to you?For many lenders, a large number of recent credit inquiries points to one thing: A borrower who is desperate for more credit, which means that they have probably encountered some additional costs that need covering. And when a person is struggling with added costsâ€"including extra debtâ€"that means that they are somewhat less likely to pay back a new loan.However, there is one pretty obvious exception to this rule: shopping around! In order to find the best loan possible, it helps to apply for a bunch of different ones. It’s only once your loan application is approved that you’ll see the terms these lenders are actually offering you.Shopping around for the best loan is smart financial behavior and something to be encouraged. That’s why, when it comes to mortgages, auto loans, and student loans, any inquiries made within the same 45 day period are bundled together on your credit report and are counted as only a single hard inquiry.The benefits of soft credit check loans. For people with bad credit, a hard inquiry on an in-person or online loan application might as well be a “No Trespassing” sign. That’s why many of them end up borrowing no credit check loans that don’t perform any hard inquiriesâ€"and come with much higher interest rates to compensate.And while some of these loans can provide a sensible short-term financial solution, there is a big difference between checking a pe rson’s credit score and checking their ability to repay, period. That’s why many bad credit lenders perform a soft credit check, one that won’t affect an applicants credit but that still gives them a better idea of what this person can handle financially.Other no credit check lenders, meanwhile, don’t do anything to check whether or not a potential borrower can repay the loan they’re applying for. Many of these lenders offer short-term payday loans, cash advances, and title loans. And even with such quick turnarounds, many borrowers end up taking out more money than they can handle and getting stuck in a spiral of debt.Soft credit check loans, on the other hand, often come in the form of longer-term installment loans. If you have bad credit and need a loan, you should look into the benefits of installment loans that perform a soft credit check when you apply.Some of these lenders, like OppLoans, even report your payment information to the credit bureaus, meaning that on-ti me payments could help improve your score! To learn more about credit scoresâ€"and what you can do to improve your ownâ€"check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsWill Closing a Credit Card Affect Your Credit Score?Have Bad Credit? Here Are Two Things You Should Do6 Great Reasons To Check Your Credit ReportDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Homelessness Homeless Population, Origins And...

Homelessness Some background information on the prevalence of and risk factors for the homeless population, origins and consequences of homelessness, prevention and treatment strategies, and other considerations will be presented. The definition of homelessness may cover a broad range of individuals, including those physically deprived of a home and housed persons unwilling to remain in their homes (Ravenhill 6). Some researchers conceptualize homelessness as â€Å"alienation from the rest of the society.† This type of alienation originates from losing connection with one’s work, family, or home environments. On any given night, approximately 600,000 of the US population were living on the street, according to a survey from 2013 (Polcin). However, these rates could be even higher due to underreporting and some individuals hiding in their environments. Homelessness is usually a chronic and disabling condition that encompasses three states, such as being homeless, having unreliable housing, and moving into a stable house (Roy et al). Among the most vulnerable groups hit by homelessness are children who represent one-third of the homeless population in the United States (Bringle 10). Families consti tute a large percentage of homeless people, and among individuals, male gender is more prevalent. However, this distribution varies based on rural or urban area location. In general, families and children are the fastest-growing population groups among the homeless in America (SmithShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Homelessness on the Overall Self-Esteem of Homeless Youth1476 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is often characterized as adults living on the streets taking shelter beneath the interwoven overpasses of the city or standing alongside busy intersections begging for money. Yet, children, those under 18 years of age, are generally not associated with the homeless status as they are invisible, not seen by the general public with their homeless counterparts taking up residence in make-shift housing. Nonetheless, there is a large percent of youth who meet the guidelines for being deemedRead MoreHomeless Population After A Two Week Program1204 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Homele ssness, once viewed as transient and situational, has become a growing public health problem that has escaped ready solutions† (Bassuk et al., 2014). Homeless population has been increasing in the United States drastically, and with the increase in the homeless population it is also important to provide a comforting environment for the homeless population. Many of the homeless population come from various backgrounds and they don’t choose to be homeless but the circumstances lead them to beRead MoreWhat Ways Does Immigration Status Impact Homeless And Why?1631 Words   |  7 Pagesof people who are homless will stay homeless for more than a year. This means that a large majority of vulnerable individuals such individuals living in poverty will stay living in a shelter or on the steets for more than a year until they are able to get back on their feet.Having a home is something many of us take for granted and until we face the the reality of seeing more individuals liv ing under briges and on the corner of our communities. Becoming homeless can happen to anyone. Immigrants areRead MoreHomelessness Under The Mckinney Vento Homelessness Assistance Act1790 Words   |  8 PagesHomelessness is one of the oldest problems that exist, fast forward almost 40 years since it’s been recognized as one and still there has been no avail to finding a real solution. The definition of homelessness under the McKinney-Vento Homelessness Assistance Act is defined as an individual: â€Å"who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; and a person who has a nighttime residence that is supervised publicly or privately operated shelter, and c) an institution that provides a temporaryRead MoreIntroduction. 33.7% Of People Who Are Homeless Will Stay1913 Words   |  8 Pagespeople who are homeless will stay homeless for more than a year. (Thurston, Roy, Clow, Este, Gordey, Haworth-Brockman, McCoy, 2013). This means that a large majority of vulnera ble individuals living in poverty will stay living in a shelter or on the streets for more than a year until they can get back on their feet. Having a home can be taken for granted until the reality of seeing more individuals living under bridges and on the corner of communities becomes more visible. Becoming homeless can happenRead MoreInstitutes and Strategies, Formal Structures Essay2422 Words   |  10 Pagesreserve programs are based on policy not to fund programs considered to have been transferred to the territorial governments. â€Å"First nations on Reserve† When examining new program eligibility Health Canada uses status residents only to determine population data. Territorial Formula Funding (TFF) transfers to the territories have tended to have larger annual increases than that seen with the First Nations and Intuit Health Branch (FNIHB). TFF and FNIHB expenditure increases have been larger thanRead MoreThe Plight Of Minority Women1442 Words   |  6 PagesChantler 2009), confirms that; money, childcare, housing, transport may carry cultural specific inflections, exacerbated by racism and class position. According to (Burman and Chantler, 2009), such representations, in most cases have material consequences in terms of policy and development (Burman and Chantler, 2009). (Gilroy and Woods, 1994:101) states that black ethnic minority women face structured and subjective racism and sexism which determine their access to, as well as their choices in theRead MoreAffordable Housing For Elderly Or Disabled Persons Essay2974 Words   |  12 Pagesservice with numerous options for independent living to the elderly persons with low income status (Government Assisted Housing, 2010.) Nothing has outrageous consequences with respect to peoples’ average health, lifestyle and access to prevailing opportunities than a decent and an affordable housing. Yet still, these alarming consequences are never fully grasped by both policy makers and the contemporary government. With efforts geared towards informing the public debate about assisted housing policyRead MoreLiterature and Fairy Tales Are an Important Part of Society1356 Words   |  6 Pagesvirtually be about anything: faeries, fey, goblins, elves, trolls, witches, giants, and/ or talking animals. Even though fairy tales are dated back thousands of years, its only become popular amongst children in the 19th and 20th centuries (The Origin of Fairy Tales.). The fairy tales that are known in the recent centuries are not the same ones that were popular in the centuries before. The original Grimm Brothers collections were more gruesome and scary. Many of the heroes and heroines didntRead MoreCommunity Health Nu rsing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pages--------------------------- 1. Health care for homeless, why is it so costly? They typically have to stay in the hospital for a longer amount of time because they have a lot more co-morbidities that need to be treated. Being brought to the ED is extremely expensive. Critical interventions are very costly, and so are all the diagnostic tests that must be done. They usually don’t have insurance. High mental heath issues in the homeless population. High risk for infections, trauma, violence. Don’t

Normative Ethics Society Determines What Moral and...

Normative ethics are those ethical principles and values that are considered morally correct and express principles of good character, actions that are viewed as right rather than wrong and are commonly accepted and reasonable. The prompt in this assignment refers to the requirement of â€Å"the existence of normative† requiring the practice of normative ethics in how individuals and society determine what moral and ethical act or action is correct and acceptable. Normative ethics embraces the philosophical theory of a normal sense of morals and principles that would be proper and acknowledged as positive and good. The prompt also refers to the â€Å"oppressed† fighting a futile or ineffective battle for a mutual ethical relationship. This†¦show more content†¦An example of this is that normative ethics focus on right and wrong, how different cultures and ethnic populations should treat one another, meta-ethics explores the judgment or decision one makes in determining right and wrong and what may influence a group as to their views on racism, ethic culture and social values and applied ethics which encompasses areas of specific controversial subject matter which would include racism and human equality. As one ethic group accepts the cultural, social and racial characteristics of another ethnic group, normative ethics can be established where we as a society should exist with one another, interacting and connecting with each other to reach for moral standards that are favorable to all. Western philosophical ethical theories date back to the times of ancient Greece with concepts on ethics focused on social system values and social behavior and we’re taught by Greek philosophers. A form of racism existed in this ancient time, as people from one ethnic or racial group saw themselves as being superior to other ethnic and racial groups. Early Greek philosophical teachings and beliefs including Aristotle, believed that a ruling cl ass would provide the perfect state of being, this perfect state providing the utmost of moral virtue, the way we should act ethically as opposed to vice being that of immoral ethics. A key focus for Aristotle was his teachings that pursuing happiness in life was the ultimate objective. InShow MoreRelatedDeontology and Utilitarianism Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe the main principles of the two normative ethical theories of deontology and utilitarianism. Compare and contrast the two theories, bringing out any problems or limitations you see in each. 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These ethical theories are alwaysRead MoreSimilarities And Contrast Of The Seven Moral Philosophies3772 Words   |  16 PagesCOMPARE AND CONTRAST OF THE MORAL PHILOSOPHIES 13 Running head: COMPARE AND CONTRAST OF THE MORAL PHILOSOPHIES 1 Compare and Contrast of the Seven Moral Philosophies Angela Overmyer, Brickley Nason, Casey Carsten, Elvin Wright, Emily Gatlin, Paige Sherwood, and Summar VandenHeuvel Davenport University BUSN 210 Professor Sharon Romine September 27, 2014 Compare and Contrast of the Seven Moral Philosophies INTRODUCTION One philosopher wrote, Like the wheel, business is one of theRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Human Enhancement2228 Words   |  9 PagesOne of the most prominent ethical issues faced today is that of human enhancement. The ethical issues that occur when looking at the concept of human enhancement are defined by the ideas of â€Å"human nature, personal identity, moral status, well-being, and problems in normative ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of mind, and epistemology† (Savulescu, 2) There are a plethora of ways in which human enhancement can become an issue in every profession such as sports, marketing, and any job that requiresRead MoreHCM 420 Mastery Exercises Essay2181 Words   |  9 Pagesidentified 7 stages of moral development. a. False 3. True or false? Rawls view of social justice includes people making choices to protect those who are in a lesser position in society. a. True 4. True or false? The application of the principle of nonmaleficence is not restricted to patient treatment. a. True 5. True or false? Fidelity means keeping your word to others and, in ethics, fidelity fits into the Buber View. a. False 6. True or false? Beneficence is a principle of ethics that assumes thatRead MoreTaking a Look at Euthanasia1733 Words   |  7 Pagescontinues to be the subject to moral, legal, religious and political debates around the world. At the core of debate lies to competing values between the right for every individual to decide to die with dignity when suffering, and the need to uphold the right to life. (Australian Human Rights Commission. 1996) The purpose of this task is to critically analyse the nature and extent of euthanasia and whether assisted suicide should or should not be legalised, corresponding to ethical theories. This essay willRead MoreImportance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline8970 Words   |  36 PagesBusiness Ethics 2. Ethics as an Academic Discipline 3. Importance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline 4. The Case Against Business Ethics Education 5. Conclusion 0.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Question 1: Discuss the importance of Ethics in business as an Academic Discipline. 0.3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In today’s highly competitive, performance-driven business climate, regulations are not enough; professional ethics codes are not enough; the old model of â€Å"business ethics† is notRead MoreBusiness Ethics Test Questions with Answers Essay22425 Words   |  90 Pagesï » ¿Chap 10: 16. Which of the following is true of gatekeepers? a. They are not bound to ethical duties. b. Investors and boards are examples of gatekeepers. c. They serve as intermediaries between market participants. d. They are not responsible for ensuring conformance to fairness in the marketplace. Answer: c 17.  Which of the following rely on gatekeepers for fair and effective functioning of economic markets? a.  Bankers b.  Auditors c.  Accountants d.  Financial analysts Answer: a 18.Read MoreThe Theory Of The Media2438 Words   |  10 Pagesemotivism, and ethnical egoism will depict the actions, responsibly, and goal of the media. Due to the fact that the media extends to millions of people, â€Å"majority rules† is the best way to control how and what is distributed by the media. Utilitarianism is the theory that is based on emotions by supporting the larger group of people, focusing on the outcome. According to Mosser (2013), â€Å"Utilitarianism argues that, given a set of choices, the act we should choose is that which produces the bestRead MoreApplication of Ethical Theories12285 Words   |  50 Pagesof ethical theories in ethical reasoning and behavior within organizations - Research proposal Sigalit Pasternak, Phd student The Faculty of Management Tel Aviv University Supervisor: Dr. Ishak Saporta Introduction Business ethics is a specialized branch of ethics focusing on how moral standards apply to business organizations and behavior (Velasques, 1998). As such, it cannot be understood separately from the general ideas of ethics, and the general ethical theories apply to business ethics as

A Day of My Life Free Essays

It was a fine morning, soothing breezes were moving at a sluggish pace, and clouds filled the sky like slowly dissipating smoke after a huge explosion. I was driving my car at a speed of 40 mph. This beautiful scenario had restricted my adrenaline rush and I didn’t feel like hitting the accelerator. We will write a custom essay sample on A Day of My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now I just wanted to make the most of this beautiful time. I turned the radio on and fortunately a soothing melody hit my ears. All these factors were quite unusual for the place where I lived. Weather here was usually quite hot and irritating. Suddenly I realized I was getting late, I had promised my parents to be at the venue in time. But it seemed like once again I was going to miss the party. This thought brought out all my childhood memories in the foreground, all the time I had spent with my parents, all the love, all the care I had enjoyed. That unconditional love is very rare in this world; I realized this fact when I moved away from my parents. Everyone, at some point or the other, has to take some important decisions regarding his life. I did the same. I wanted to be an independent, self-reliant person and for that I had to make the most of any opportunity that knocked my door. Unfortunately the job offer I got was for another city, almost 250 miles away from where I actually lived with my parents. So I had to move away, rather unwillingly. It started drizzling and those droplets like diamonds started to fall on the windscreen. This was quite significantly positive addition to the beauty of the current scenario. This light rain reminded me of all the time I had enjoyed in the rain with my mom and dad. They knew I loved rain so much, it made me so happy. And just for the sake of my happiness, they used to take me out to my favorite places whenever the weather was nice. I still remember the time when I was in school and my mom used to wake me up every morning. Her face was the first thing I used to see every morning, and no doubt, my days went great. My dad used to drop me off to school every morning. He never leaved unless I waved my hand from the edge of the main gate of the school. These memories were making me feel good and equally sad. I just couldn’t wait till the moment I saw my parents again. I accelerated the speed a little. I was only 15 miles away from home now. It breathed a new life in me, as soon as I entered the limits of the area. Everything seemed so familiar, so known and strangely fascinating. I could relate to almost everything I saw. These shops, these buildings, these parks, these malls, everything reminded me of the time I had spend here. I suddenly saw a restaurant where I used to eat every Friday with my friends and then at walking distance was the theater where we used to come for movies after dinner at that restaurant. It all reminded me of the time I had spent with my classmates and friends, the parties we used to have, the little fights we had and then the childish patch-ups. It all sounded quite funny now. I was driving quite slowly once again. My surroundings fascinated me to the level that is hard to be described in words. The road was quite straight with so much of green on both sides of it; I had a memory of this road. Then I realized that this was where my school had been. It had changed quite so much, it was not that green back then. I saw the building of my school which had not changed at all, the main gate, the parks, the windows; everything had some memories attributed with it. I still remember how much I loved my school, may be because of my classmates. I loved being with my friends. I remember those never ending conversations we used to have, regarding movies, music, TV shows, food, new trends in fashion and so much more. All this was playing like a distant echo in my head. I could now see the block where my house was, my destination. My heart throbbed at the thought of seeing my parents and luckily some of my friends again. What I felt at that moment was a mix of excitement and gloom. Both were for the same reason, I was going to see them after a long time. How to cite A Day of My Life, Papers

Motivational Interviewing Techniques †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Motivational Interviewing Techniques. Answer: Introduction: The term motivational interviewing known as MI can be defined as the approach made for counseling the client which was described first by Prof. William R. Miller, who has done PhD in the year 1983 in an issue of Behavioral Psychotherapy. Motivational interviewing is basically a technique in which the person is get motivated and it helps the client to change his/her behavior. This technique is most frequently used for addiction if it is lacking in motivation in quitting then it can be one among the greatest obstacles for people those who are struggling with addiction in spite of having issues with health, and other social, legal, and financial consequences (Smedslund et. al., 2011). Problem: The problem that is discussed in the case study is that most of the individuals who are addicted will be lacking the motivation to change for the following three main reasons which are the problems faced by them. Firstly, the client is thinking that their substance abuse problem is not that serious as it really appears to be. Secondly, the client is not able to share the things which are associated with the use of drugs. And lastly, they are in a state of fear of thinking about the consequences that are to be faced by them due to the ceasing of the substance use along with withdrawing the cravings and symptoms. Most of the persons who are addicted actually will go through different stages of sorrow after they give up their drug of choice (Van Voorhees, et. al. 2009). Motivational interviewing is just fairly a very simple process which has been completed in a few number of sessions. The following are the typical phases that are included in the process of interviewing the client in the case. It is as a follows: The therapist was talking to the clients regarding the kind of issues she faced, her concerns, and the kind of hopes she has and then the therapist has established a trusted relationship. Focusing on the issues: The topic on which they were discussing, such as drug use and its medication has narrowed down the conversation into the patterns and the types of habits that is desired by the client to change (Patterson, 2017). Suggesting the client: The motivation of the client to get rid of drug use has been provoked by the therapist by growing the sense of the significance to change; her confidence is boosted stating that change can happen and her readiness for change. Planning: For implementing the changes that are desired by the client has been developed in the form of a set of practical steps by the therapist. Motivational interviewing skills: The motivational interviewing is the technique considered to be the model that is client-centered. So in this case study, the therapist has used the skills that have focused mainly on figuring out the desires of clients smartly but did not implement what as a counselor she was thinking are the best for her (Murphy, et. al. 2004). This will be requiring the high level of understanding, deep listening to the clients thoughts, and she was able to form a strong bond in a short period of time with the client. Different skills are used by the therapist at different stages of interviewing which is the strategy of motivational interviewing. The skills those more convincing and influential are used rather than forcible. And this helps the client to be in comfortable zone so that they can share as much as they can. The interviewer has proceeded with a robust sense of purpose, she has very clear strategies and her skills were highly transparent according to the purpose of client and the sense of timing that was demonstrated by her in mediating in specific situations was found to be insightful (Counselling Connection, 2010). Outcomes of the interview: The motivational interview that was carried out in the case study mainly aimed at laying out the pros and cons of getting out of the use of drugs by proper medication clearly. This was done on the basis of what clients feel is significant. Here the client has overcome the denial and came to her own conclusions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the abuse of drug use, her desire to have a change and how the change will look like and how the change has to be implemented. So here the change has taken place with the use of medication (Bundy, 2004). It is very easy for the change to take place. The client did not feel forced into giving up the drug abuse which she used to love once. Self-reflection: In spite of having many clear reasons for stopping the drug abusing or to get into the serious medical treatment for the kind of addition they have to the individual that is addicted there are also various reasons for not doing so. Many times clients might go back and forth and gets motivated for quitting the drug abuse after they get encountered with any type of legal or health consequences. Simple motivation is just not enough for the individuals who have been suffering from co-occurring mental illness and more complex issues of addiction. The motivational interviewing is particularly designed to have four sessions (Dunn, Deroo Rivara, 2001). A much more depth of counseling is required for the individual with a significant underlying mental illness. It is possibly in combination with medication so that it can get to the place of motivation. Understanding of ethical practice: The major point is that whether motivational interviewing, will be effective or not is mainly dependent on the counselor. But this MI method is noticed to be the difficult method since the counselor is required in building a trusting and strong relationship with the various types of clients as anybody can get addicted to the substance abuse (NCBI, n.d.). A considerable patience and appropriate understanding are quite necessary, even though the process has been designed to go fast because of the fact that most of the individuals are not able to pay much for therapy or may get stuck in the legal battles of drug use. Counselor need to overcome these challenges, so that he or she will provide help for those who were unsuccessful in following other treatment methods. References Bundy, C. (2004). Changing behaviour: using motivational interviewing techniques.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,97(Suppl 44), 43. Counselling Connection, (2010). Motivational Interviewing Techniques. Retrieved on 30th Sep 2017 from: https://www.counsellingconnection.com/index.php/2010/04/30/motivational-interviewing-techniques/ Dunn, C., Deroo, L., Rivara, F. P. (2001). The use of brief interventions adapted from motivational interviewing across behavioral domains: a systematic review.Addiction,96(12), 1725-1742. Murphy, J. G., Benson, T. A., Vuchinich, R. E., Deskins, M. M., Eakin, D., Flood, A. M., ... Torrealday, O. (2004). A comparison of personalized feedback for college student drinkers delivered with and without a motivational interview.Journal of Studies on Alcohol,65(2), 200-203. NCBI, (n.d.) Chapter 3Motivational Interviewing as a Counseling Style. Retrieved on 30th Sep 2017 from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64964/ Patterson, E. (2017). Motivational Interviewing. Retrieved on 30th Sep 2017 from https://drugabuse.com/library/motivational-interviewing/ Smedslund G, Berg RC, Hammerstrm KT, Steiro A, Leiknes KA, Dahl HM, Karlsen K, (2011). Motivational interviewing for substance abuse (Review). John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Issue 5. Pp 1-130. Accessed: https://www.du.se/contentassets/b2b1e2af810d45379c79a6ca45139270/mi-cochrane-2011.pdf?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 Van Voorhees, B. W., Fogel, J., Pomper, B. E., Marko, M., Reid, N., Watson, N., ... Wiedmann, P. (2009). Adolescent dose and ratings of an Internet-based depression prevention program: A randomized trial of primary care physician brief advice versus a motivational interview.Journal of cognitive and behavioral psychotherapies: the official journal of the International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health,9(1), 1.

the primary language of the designated Essay Example

the primary language of the designated Essay The Primary Language of the Designated Name: Institution: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on the primary language of the designated specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on the primary language of the designated specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on the primary language of the designated specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Primary Language of the Designated Part A Summary of the Country and its Language Mexico borders the US on the north, the Pacific Ocean on the west and south, the Caribbean Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico on the east. It is one of the most populous countries in the world, with an estimated population of 112,975,406. About 78% of the population lives in urban areas. The main cities in the country include Mexico City, which is the capital and which has a population of more than nineteen million people, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, and Tijuana. Mexico was one of the countries colonized by Spain in the sixteenth century. The colonization by Spain had a tremendous effect in the country’s language. The main ethnic group in the country is the Mestizo, making up 60% of the population. The mestizos are Amerindian, Spanish populations. The main language spoken in the country is Spanish, which is spoken by more than 90% of the population, making it the largest country in the world where Spanish is spoken. There are other indigenous languages such as Na huati and Mayan, spoken in different parts of the country (CIA, 2012). Mexico regained her independence from Spain in the nineteenth century. By this time, Spain had a major influence in the culture and language of Mexico. Development of the Spanish language in Spain and Mexico was different, and there are some differences in both verbal and written Spanish, between the Spanish spoken in Spain and the Mexican Spanish. Mexican Spanish has influences from the indigenous languages and the US English in addition, Mexicans use some Spanish words, which are considered outdated by European Spanish. These elements influence the differences between Mexican Spanish and European Spanish. Description of Ferraro’s Model of High Context and Low Context Language The context in the area of communication matters depending on whether a particular region is high context or low context. High context languages are implicit, and many words are unspoken. Verbal messages do not make a lot of meaning in the absence of non-verbal messages, because of the importance assigned to the environment or the context when a person is speaking. People will tend to associate the words they use with different elements such as religion, culture, history, relationships, and status. There is a lot of indirect communication from people using high context languages. The language lies more towards building relationships, rather than doing business and fulfilling the immediate agenda. This is unlike the low context languages, which are explicit and nothing is hidden. The low context languages assign meaning to every word. People speaking these languages mean what they say. They will have many words to describe what they want in definite terms. Thus, a person using a low c ontext language will tend to use more words to describe an event or situation than a person using high context language will. Assessment of the Language in Terms of the Model Mexico is a high context culture and the language spoken is high culture. The people complement their verbal communication with non-verbal communication to make their meaning clear. The importance of forming relationships, even in business settings, means that people avoid using words such as ‘no’ and other negatives directly because they are considered rude. When a person is not interested in an offer, he or she tries to look for the right words to use. Moreover, Mexicans tend to avoid being direct on issues, and a direct answer is not warranted. Although the Spanish spoken in Mexico is a high context language, it tends to use more words than the English language. This is because of several reasons such as the need for the person to express himself emotionally and deeply in an attempt to create more meaning, the use of gendered language, and the fact that the language is not easy to adapt (Devlyn Moulton, 2010). Conclusion and Discussion on Factors for the Conclusion Mexican language exhibits both elements present in both high and low context languages. However, the language is more of a high context language, because the Mexicans have high context cultures. They are expressive and emotional, and they do this in a bid to form and maintain relationships. However, their need for expression leads them to use many words, a factor that is more common among low context languages. . Part B Social Habits and Behaviors The urban population in Mexico has become increasingly westernized. This population uses Spanish as well as English when communicating. Most of the people will combine the two languages when speaking. However, they continue to retain elements of their culture, which are not familiar or readily accepted in America. For instance, the idea of closeness is important to them. Mexicans are not as individualistic as Americans are, and they do not have the concept of personal space. It is common to see two men talking together when they are in proximity. Non-Verbal Communications and Factors Identified Non-verbal communication comprises a major part of the communication process, yet many people hardly pay any attention to it. People use non-verbal communication to emphasize a point, show their lack of understanding or agree with the person, and as a means of substituting for words. In some cases, non-verbal communication indicates the power that a person holds. For instance, people in authority will look at their subordinates directly when speaking to them. A subordinate may find it hard to look at his or her employer directly. People communicate in different ways using non-verbal expressions. This happens in the gestures they make, in their body postures, in their proximity towards the person they are communicating with, the expression in their eyes, and in their facial expressions. People are able to gauge the other person’s degree of interest in what they are saying by observing their body posture and facial expression. Some of the gestures are common across many cultures , but others tend to have entirely different meanings. It is essential to understand the meaning of different gestures and other non-verbal communication to avoid miscommunication (West Turner, 2010). Mexicans make use of non-verbal communication such as gestures, eye contact, and facial expression. Cultural Traits regarding use of Gestures, Touching, and Eye Contact Mexicans avoid looking at each other directly when they are communicating. This shows a sign of aggression and confrontation depending on the context. It can also be a sign of flirting, especially if done by a member of the opposite sex. Mexicans will avoid direct eye contact as a sign of respect. Many Americans maintain eye contact when communicating, as a way of showing interest and understanding. Power distance is a crucial factor when communicating. Mexicans tend to have a shorter power distance compared to Americans. They stand closer to each other when communicating. When Americans fail to understand this, they might take it to mean that the Mexicans do not respect their personal space. Touching is widely accepted in Mexico. People use touch as a sign of welcome, whether it is through an embrace or a pat on the back. However, the urban population has become more aware of the differences in other cultures, and it is common to see people in professional settings shake their hands instead of embracing (Centre for Intercultural Learning, 2009). Summary and Recommendation It is essential to understand the various cultural elements and meaning behind non-verbal communications in different cultures. This will help a person avoid embarrassing situations and communicate more effectively. Moreover, it is vital to interpret non-verbal communication in the context of verbal communication to enhance understanding (West Turner, 2010).

Sniper on the Loose essays

Sniper on the Loose essays The article pertains to the current sniper attacks on innocent civilians along the I95 corridors. Another sniper-free weekend has passed, residents in greater Washington and its close suburbs braced for a week of locked schools under police guard and cautious rush-hour commutes. In a spite of network television appearances and at a news conference in Rockville yesterday, Police chief Charles A. Moose and other task force officials said tips continue to pour in about two cars possibly linked to the killings of eight people and the wounding of two others in Maryland, Virginia and Washington. Witnesses reported seeing a white, box-style truck speeding from the scene of at least one Maryland shooting. Virginia authorities remain on the lookout for a white minivan, possibly a Chevrolet Astro, seen heading toward I95 after the most recent shooting on Friday. Experts say whoever is responsible is likely suicidal, knowing their rampage could come to a violent end. Friday's shooting occurred as a uniformed Virginia State Police trooper investigated a minor accident in front of the Exxon station on U.S. 1. The events involve government showing how as the death toll climbs, more and more federal support come to aid in the forces of the individual states. The events have brought in the FBI and ATF, as well as the Virginia, Maryland, and Washington police. Also showing reference to government is that hunting of the man is causing many traffic stops by police to check white vans and search them. The right to search these vehicles is given due to the obvious substantial evidence and probable cause. As the forces gather and the search continues, who is this man or men? What is their motive? Is he a messed up policeman, ex-soldier or a military reject? A video-game dork, maybe modeling himself after the game? Or an international terrorist, acting on his own or perhaps distracting law enforcement? Only time and devoted men and women of th...

To what extent can improvements in productive flow and product quality Essay - 3

To what extent can improvements in productive flow and product quality lead to an increase in sales and profit - Essay Example A company overlooking these factors of success can never achieve its desired goals and objectives in a competitive market because these processes play the role of two of the most indispensable ingredients of success. In this paper, we will discuss the importance of improved productive flow and product quality in achieving the goal of increased sales and profits. 2. Productive Flow The process of productive flow mainly refers to the continuity of the process that starts from bringing in raw material for product development and ends when the product becomes ready for distribution in the market. Companies focus on improving this process in order to avoid delays in product manufacturing. Productive flow involves a continuous and flawless movement of items through the process of product development. The process is said to be in an efficient working state if the next stage of product development starts straight away upon completion of the current stage of development. It is one of the main responsibilities of the employees working in the production department to ensure continuity of the process of product development because a minor flaw or delay in the transition of stages can affect the on-time completion of the production process, as well as the quality of the product. One of the main points regarding productive flow is that it is capital intensive, which means that it makes more use of machines and technologies as compared to workers.  Therefore, it needs continuous and effective technical assistance to ensure flawless continuity. The advantage of capital intensiveness of the production flow is that a large number of items can roll off the assembly lines simultaneously, cutting down the cost of production to a large extent. Using this approach, companies can benefit from economies of scale, which consequently results in lowering the cost per unit of production (Riley 2012). Improvement in the productive flow can have a direct impact on the levels of sales and p rofit. In a competitive environment, timely placement of products in the market is imperative for the success of a company. When a company has its products reach completion stages in the scheduled time without any flaw, it will place the products in the market at the correct time and people will be able to buy those products, which will consequently result in improving the market share of the company. However, when there are delays in the process of production flow, the company will not be able to dispense its products in the market at the right time, which will affect the company’s levels of sales and profits. Therefore, it is very important for a firm to improve its process of production flow by eliminating the occurrence of flaws and reducing the risks to the continuity of the process to ensure higher levels of productivity and profitability. 3. Product Quality Along with productive flow, improvement in product quality is also essential for a company to increase its levels of sales and profit. Quality means excellence and in terms of product development, it refers to the development of such products that should be able to satisfy the consumers. A company can satisfy its customers only if it provides them with durable and high quality products. Quality is considered a key to the success of a

Child Labor in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Child Labor in Africa - Research Paper Example According to Andvig, child labor refers to labor carried out by believably too young children, which means that by so doing, they unduly decrease their current economic welfare or their income earning capabilities in future, either by decreasing their own individual productive capabilities in future or by contracting their future external choice sets (3). In Africa, children’s work is a generally accepted part of childhood. A household framework wherein children’s work is used to profit parents as well as the extended family network, to secure training and socialization opportunities as well as sustenance for its members is prevalent in Africa. Child labor, in the African context, is deemed as vocational education, especially where children work together with their parents in the rural setup. A long history of domestic and agricultural work by children in numerous parts of Africa exists (Bass, 20-22). Besides education, Africans view child labor in terms of instilling k nowledge and responsibility of a way of life or of a trade. Particularly in the rural areas, child labor in Africa, rather than create a negative connection, presents itself historically as a method of useful training as well as social reproduction for children. Child labor is therefore a historically key part of childhood in African rural, subsistence agricultural areas. It also embodies a crucial part of overall production in the rural setups whereby parents bear many children because they can be profitable economically. Just like in the rural areas, children’s work in African urban areas is a natural extension of the indigenous educational system. While girls work in the domestic setting, boys work in the apprenticeship system. Parents usually foster their children to strangers, extended family members as well as religious leaders in urban areas. They do this with the intention of providing training opportunities for their children as well as future opportunities for other family members to migrate to urban areas. Moreover, if a child becomes established in the urban area, his/her whole family profits because he/she may help the others and they all send remittances back home. Fostering however exposes some children to situations that are potentially exploitative, especially if there is no parental supervision (Bass, 22-23). D'Andrea explains two types of child labor in Africa, the first one being trafficking of children. This involves the transportation, recruitment, receipt or transfer of a child for the purposes of labor, slavery, sexual exploitation or forced labor. The recruitment of these children is on untrue promises of employment and education and they are transported in risky conditions. Areas where trafficking is common include Burkina Faso, Benin, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Togo, Ghana, Nigeria, Mali and Niger. The other type of child labor is bonded child labor whereby a family receives payment in advance in order to hand over a child to an empl oyer. The United Nations notes the fact that Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa where children constitute almost one-half of the population, has the highest number of working children in the world as a proportion of the child population. The continent has roughly 80 million child workers and by the year 2015; this number could increase to 100 million. Citing statistics from International Labor Organization

Critical Review of Henkel (2014)

Critical Review of Henkel (2014) Review of â€Å"Point and shoot memories: The influence of taking photos on memory for a museum tour† by Henkel Introduction In psychology, it is important to review literature critically. Questions require to be asked of all research, both prior and subsequent to publishing. Matters such as justification for the research, the approach taken to carry out the research, the results of the research and its generalizability all require to be examined in order to establish whether the findings are worthwhile and reliable. This essay will take such an approach and critically analyse a recent study carried out by Henkel (2014). The article, published in Psychological Science, will be reviewed with any shortcomings addressed and suggestions made for improvement. Overview of paper Henkel (2014)suggests that photography is a common pastime, with more than three billion photographs having been taken in 2012. Citing a variety of evidence, Henkel (2014) suggests that the review of photographs can assist with the retrieval and activation of memories. This applies to both healthy individuals (Hodges, Berry, Wood, 2011) as well as people with specific pathologies (Berry et al., 2007; Loveday Conway, 2011). With the foregoing in mind, it is proposed that research to date has not elucidated how the conscious taking of a photograph affects the subsequent memory of what has been captured. The hypothesis proposed is two-tailed and suggests that memory performance following the taking of a photograph will either be improved, or impaired. In order to investigate this question, Henkel carried out two relatively simple experiments in which participants were required to carry out a visit to a museum. In the first experiment, participants were divided into two separate groups and requested to either view or take photographs of specific objects in the museum, such that all objects were both viewed and photographed once. Subsequent to the visit, participants were given an assessment of their memory for both the location of the objects and the objects themselves by means of a free recall test, followed by a recall test based on a list of object names. In addition to the object name recall test, participants were required to indicate their confidence in the accuracy of their responses. Finally, a recall test was administered to participants based on photographs of objects. Across all recall tests, participants were required to indicate whether the object in question had been observed, photographed or had not been part of the tour. Results suggest that photographing an object has a negative impact on a person’s memory for that object, although participants could remember whether an object had been photographed or viewed at better than chance levels. Participants were, however, better at remembering objects from a photographic cue, as opposed to a name cue. Following the first experiment, some further questions were raised in connection with the procedure and a second experiment took place with a view to clarifying these. The procedure in the second experiment was broadly similar, although objects on the tour were split into three groups requiring them to be photographed in full, in part, or viewed, such that all objects were photographed in full, in part and viewed once. The post-visit memory tests administered to participants were similar, with the exception that participants did not participate in the free recall test. In the name recall test, participants were required to answer two questions about the object and in the event that a specific part of the object had been photographed, a question was asked about that part, as well as a more general question about the object. Results replicated those of the first experiment, in that there was an impairment effect of taking a photograph generally, as well as the previous observation that memory for whether an object had been photographed or viewed was better than chance. In contrast, when an object had a specific part photographed, memory for that part , as well as the object more generally, was improved. Methodological comments Participants In experiment 1, it is noted that two thirds of participants had indicated a previous visit to the museum in question, although not within the month prior to the experiment. No such note is made in respect of the participants in experiment 2. This may be an oversight, or it may be that all of the participants in experiment 2 are, in fact, naà ¯ve participants. In the event that this is an oversight, the simplest resolution would have been to insert a line in the original manuscript to identify how many participants in experiment 2 had previously visited the museum. In the event that all participants in experiment 2 were naà ¯ve, it may prove problematic when comparing the two experiments. Ideally, all participants in this sort of experiment should be naà ¯ve, as a previous visit to the museum may give those participants a memory advantage over those who have not visited. It is unclear how this may have affected the results of the experiments, but future experiments of this nature may look to deal with participants with a previous experience by using a quasi-experimental design (Bryman, 2008). Such a design would allow for participants’ previous experience to be catered for, although the negative impact of such a design is that causality cannot be fully inferred from the results (Bryman, 2008). Method of recording accuracy of memory recall When recording participants’ responses in experiment 1, a free recall test was used initially, followed by tests to measure recall prompted by a name or a photograph. The photograph prompt recall task is well explained in the paper and does not require attention here. Unfortunately, detail relating to the free recall task is slightly less clear. Participants were requested to recall the names of objects on the museum tour, indicating whether they had been observed or photographed. Where an object name could not be remembered, participants were requested to write a brief description of the object. The major issue with this particular aspect of the experiment is that no detail is provided in respect of how the descriptive element of this task was assessed. In the circumstances, it may have been a better option to have only graded responses dichotomously, ensuring that responses where the participant cannot remember the object are graded as such. This appears to be how the data h as been coded here, although no information is provided in respect of a cut off point for remembered or forgotten where the name cannot be remembered by the participant. In respect of the named recall task, there appears to be no requirement for participants to grade their confidence in the accuracy of their responses, as this data is neither referred to anywhere else in the paper, nor statistically analysed. It is unclear why this particular task was required as the paper makes no reference to participants’ confidence in their memories. As the task does not appear to be completed in experiment 2, one could ponder whether it was actually necessary for experiment 1. Suitability of statistical tests It is well documented that the ANOVA omnibus test is not suitable for data which are proportional in nature due to the fact that the data is restricted by fixed boundaries of 0 and 1 and the error does not follow a normal distribution, amongst other reasons (Crawley, 2005; Field, 2009). In Henkel’s (2014) study, the data in both experiments is measured by way of response frequency which is subsequently converted to proportions. It would appear that an ANOVA is therefore not the most appropriate statistical test. In order to rectify this issue, there are three possibilities. The first possibility is to transform the data, using a procedure such as the arc sine transformation, which has the effect of normalising the error distribution (Crawley, 2005). Transforming the data makes it more appropriate for use in an ANOVA, although care still requires to be taken with interpretation of results. It is not clear from Henkel’s (2014) article whether a transformation has been car ried out on the data and on the basis that it is not noted in the article, it must be assumed that no such transformation has been completed. In the event that a transformation has been carried out on the data, the article should have a note to this effect in order to avoid confusion for the reader. A second proposal to deal with the data would be to carry out a logistic regression, which is a suitable method to use on binomially distributed data, such as proportional data (Crawley, 2005; Field, 2009). Using a logistic regression would allow the researched to make predictions about the impact of taking photographs on subsequent memory, however it would not allow inferences of causality to be drawn. In addition, problems with generalisability of results would also arise, as a logistic regression is not assumed to be valid for predictions which do not apply to the dataset (Crawley, 2005; Field, 2009). The final suggestion for rectification of the problems with statistical procedure is to avoid using proportional data altogether and measure simple response frequencies. This would require a change in the statistical test used for the experiments to the chi-squared test for independence (Pearson, 1900). Again, the main issue with this course of action is that it would no longer be po ssible for the experiment to indicate causality, as the chi-squared test is correlational in nature. Nonetheless, this may be an appropriate course of action with a view to prompting further research in relation to memory for items which have been photographed and the causal effect of taking such photographs. General comments Introduction The introduction is concise and follows a clear, coherent structure. The reasons for the research question and subsequent experiment are clearly detailed. Experiment 1 Aside from the issues identified in the previous section, the methods section is clear, coherent and concise. Whilst not everything required for a replication is included, with some minor additions, the relevant information would be available. At the foot of the results and discussion section (p.398), results of a Source x Retrieval Cue ANOVA are reported without any statistics quoted. The statistics are reported in respect of an interaction, but not for the main effects. It may be that the main effects are not statistically significant, however, for the purposes of clarity, it would be better for them to be reported here. Experiment 2 The rationale behind experiment 2 follows on from experiment 1. The background is clearly and concisely laid out and seems logical. Other than the issues noted previously in respect of methodology, no further problems are noted in respect of the methods applied in the experiment. General discussion In the final paragraph of the general discussion (p. 401) the results are discussed outwith the parameters of the experiments in, one would assume, an attempt to generalise the results more widely. The final sentence appears to make a claim relating to interacting with photos and the effect of interaction on memory. Whilst previous evidence is referred to, it is not clear how this assertion can be made from the results of this experiment, as no attempts were made to show the effect of interaction with photographs on memory. It may be that this conclusion should be revised in order to make a better fit with the results of the experiment. Conclusion In summary, this study appears to be novel and timely, following from and adding to recent research findings. There is a defined gap in the literature in relation to the focus of the study which could be addressed by it. In addition the study may provoke future research into photographs and memory in the social environment, outwith the scenario of a museum visit, which will allow further generalisation of the findings. Despite the issues identified in relation to methodology, the article is well written and the research generally well designed. With a few minor tweaks in relation to statistical tests and provision of further information for the purposes of replication, the article could be improved further. Nonetheless, this series of experiments is novel, appropriate, timely, and adds to the current understanding of memory in relation to photographs more generally. References Berry, E., Kapur, N., Williams, L., Hodges, S., Watson, P., Smyth, G., †¦ Wood, K. (2007). The use of a wearable camera, SenseCam, as a pictorial diary to improve autobiographical memory in a patient with limbic encephalitis: A preliminary report. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17, 582–601. Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods (3rd Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Crawley, M. J. (2005). Statistics: An Introduction Using R. Chichester: Wiley. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd Ed.). London: Sage. Henkel, L. A. (2014). Point-and-shoot memories: the influence of taking photos on memory for a museum tour. Psychological Science, 25, 396–402. Hodges, S., Berry, E., Wood, K. (2011). SenseCamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: A wearable camera which stimulates and rehabilitates autobiographical memory. Memory, 19, 685–696. Loveday, C., Conway, M. A. (2011). Using SenseCam with an amnesic patient: Accessing inaccessible everyday memories. Memory, 19, 697–704. Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(5), 157–175.

The Most Memorable Event in My Life

According to my experience, the most memorable event in my life was realizing the significance of being honest. At the age of sixteen, I was not only stubborn but also naive. I always thought that I was a perfect girl who would never have any fault. Those attitudes caused some negative consequences, such as ignoring people's suggestions, or being harsh to realize how foolish I was. I was an exchange student at Japan when I was sixteen years old. At the beginning of exchanging experience, I felt curious and excited to be in a totally new environment.People around me spoke different languages, and majority of them had different culture and background from mine. Initially I did feel pleased to talk about my culture with new friends, but those feeling didn't last long. After few days, I suddenly felt exhausted and embarrassed at Japan. I didn't understand the class, and I couldn't even ask questions. The main difficulty was expressing my ideas in understandable ways. Later, I found the t extbook in Chinese version to catch up class materials.Unfortunately, the teacher announced that the quiz would come shortly. At that moment, I was not only lost but also scared. I tried my best not to be behind, but ability of learning independently disappointed me a lot. There were misunderstanding of basic principles and concepts existed when I was studying. However, no one could help me to understand better. At the quiz day, the whole class seemed confident except me. During the quiz time, I cheated at my neighbor’s paper when she went to washroom and exam proctors caught me.After the quiz, my counselor was shock when she knew what happened. I received the punishment from school with one-week volunteer time. At the same time, my best friend advised me to apologize to my counselor because she trusted so much. After several days, my counselor finally talked and taught me the importance of being honest in life. After long time, I still remember this experience. This made me recognize that people were not perfect, but you could make little progress every day to get closer to being perfect.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Essay

Lab 2.1 Exercise 2.1.1 All these elements are necessary because each allows the other to function and do its job. Without Media the signal cannot transmit. Without Interface the computer cannot access the Media. Without the signal the electricity or copper wires cannot transmit information. Without Pattern there would be no established format for the signals. And timing lets the devices know when the pattern starts and ends. Exercise 2.1.2 Almost all networks in use today are based in some fashion on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standard. The core of this standard is the OSI Reference Model, a set of seven layers that define the different stages that data must go through to travel from one device to another over a network. But the OSI is just a guideline. Exercise 2.1.3 The other networking services are: RIP Listener Simple TCP/IP Services UPnP User Interface Exercise 2.1.4 Wi-Fi wireless networks support ad hoc connections between devices. Ad hoc Wi-Fi networks are pure peer to peer compared to those utilizing wireless routers as an intermediate device. Exercise 2.1.5 Lab 2.1 Review 1) A peripheral device is an internal or external device that connects directly to a computer but does not contribute to the computer’s primary function. It helps access and use the functionalities of a computer. (ex. Mouse, flash drive, printer) Network devices are components used to connect computers or other electronic devices together so that they can share files or resources. (ex. Router, dsl filter, Ethernet cable) 2) The fewer amount of connections the fast the connection speed with the current connections. 3) A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is created when two or more PCs are connected and share resources without going through a separate server computer. Benefits: 1) It is easy to install and so is the configuration of computers on this network. 2) All the resources and contents are shared by all the peers, unlike server-client architecture where Server shares all the contents and resources. 3) P2P is more reliable as central dependency is eliminated. Failure of one peer doesn’t affect the functioning of other peers. In case of Client –Server network, if server goes down whole network gets affected. 4) There is no need for full-time System Administrator. Every user is the administrator of his machine. User can control their shared resources.

Can Profitability and Morality Co-Exist - 10045 Words

Can Profitability and Morality Co-exist? Business Ethics and Corporate Governance INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ETHICS What is Business Business is a legally recognized organizational entity existing within an economically free country designed to sell goods and/or services to consumers or other businesses, usually in an effort to generate profit. It is a commercial activity engaged in as a means of livelihood or profit, or an entity which engages in such activities. What is Ethics? Ethics are standards of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues. Ethics means †¢ character or manner †¢ Science of morals †¢ Recognized rules of conduct †¢ Moral principles Objectives of Ethics †¢ Studies human behaviour †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦What is Profit? Profit is the reward of factors of production in accordance with the source of service. It is the excess of income over cost of production. For economists, Profit is the excess over the opportunity cost. For accountants, Profit is the difference between income and expenditure computed according to certain rules and regulations. Profit can be classified as Tangible and Intangible Profit. The objectives of a business determine the interpretation of profit. Profit acts as an incentive that attracts businessmen and potential investors to produce and to introduce new products and cost reduction measures. Profitability is of two types: Tangible and Intangible (a) Tangible Return on Investment Cash flows Dividends (b) Intangible Trust of the consumers of the organization Evaluation of the Organizations profits Status of the people behind the organization Theories of Profit 1. Reward for taking risk- The theory attributes profit to the act of risk undertaken by the owners. It assumes that other factors remaining the same, higher the risk, higher the rate of return. 2. Compensation for Frictional Factors- Some economists associate profit with imperfections in the adjustment of the economy to dynamic changes in the modern world. Benefits due to some change in the dynamic forces will enable entrepreneurs to enjoy a higher return on investment for a while till the economy reaches new equilibrium. 3.Show MoreRelatedA Moral Dilemma2001 Words   |  9 Pagesmoral reasons for choosing each action. A whistleblower can be anyone who has and can report insider knowledge of illegal activities that are happening in an organization. Therefore we can also say that whistleblowers can be supplier, client, contractor or an employee who somehow becomes aware of illegal activities that are happening in a business either through being told about it or witnessing the behavior. 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